André Gide è stato uno degli ultimi scrittori liberi e sinceri della vecchia Europa o, forse, dell’intero pianeta. Un uomo che perfino dopo la morte, avvenuta sessant’anni fa a Parigi, il 19 febbraio del 1951, continuò a essere disapprovato a causa delle scelte di vita e delle opinioni politiche. Quando però un artista riceve così tante critiche (ma anche tanti elogi, perché quattro anni prima di morire Gide ricevette il Nobel per la letteratura), difficilmente può essere considerato an ordinary man. For those not familiar point in our country lived and thought, only a man can be brought to the writer born in Paris in 1869: Pier Paolo Pasolini .
For a long time was considered less a perfectionist with no real depth, first at that depth and spirit that had characterized even the French literature his time. Approached also by Marcel Proust and Paul Valery, then the elite of transalpine letters, often, however, there was talk of him as a capricious landlord from the pen easy, convenient claims by a man (Had no children by his wife, but wishing it got from a friend's daughter), guilty of never having been committed for the literature part, together with policy, resolution "practice" of the evils of humanity. He was also criticized for its "vanishing" during the German occupation in World War II and especially his relationship with Communism .
encyclopedia In 1952, ironically as an adjective "modern" - and then published a year after the death of Gide - you law that the writer had "abnormal tendencies" (sic), many journalists and critics, forty years ago, but even now if we make the case, have difficulty expressing an opinion on the books of Paris, many of them autobiographical, Oscillating between the "trust" in Christian morality (and stiff tax) and the "trust" in freedom of action. And the difficulty is, of course, by his homosexuality. As it was, and is the PPP, the profile of the writer and conditions strongly conditioned the opinion on its influence. But even more homosexuality, which at the time was a big deal and that the writer hid up to a certain point in life, is the ambiguous relationship the Communists not to please the critics. Fast of Marxism, and enthusiastically joins Gide perfect naive to communism and its formulas "magic". During a trip to Congo and Chad, in the twenties, with his friend Marc Allegret, is struck by the harsh conditions of the colonized people, a passion for their condition, politics and ideas that promise freedom without any distinction. But then if they repent and - even worse - put him twice in writing to the end of a journey into the mysterious lands of the USSR in the thirties. How many "friends" of travel - but Gide is a bit 'more sincere - he realizes that the promises of communism in situations "real" are nothing but a gross lie. The dream of freedom that Westerners find in the East does not really exist. And in the Soviet republics homosexuals are treated like animals, worse than countries Puritans ... Obviously, the Quaranta when communism is about to triumph, someone manages to charge the "vice of freedom," a man who is honest Intellectual its flag.
They give him the "Fascist" (But he is not, in fact refused to cooperate with the Germans), a thesis "supported" by the fact that his detachment from politics after the war, it becomes final. For him, as for other intellectuals, is ready damnation, not to be one of many to quote Vittorini "piping for the revolution" and shrugged essersene officially rules of good conduct. " Yeah ... Great reader of Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, but also, an admirer of Dostoevsky, Camus forerunner of our point of reference for surrealists and existentialists, Gide is one example of a life outside limit of rules, rules that because of very strict education, received at home and in schools in Alsace, they become real straitjackets.
Thanks to his work first, then soak it for delivery to the author's own will ( The Notebooks of André Walter - 1891, translated by us for Bloomsbury Publishing), Gide approaches Maurice Barres and Stephane Mallarme, Oscar Wilde after he discovers and alerts the "danger" of his lifestyle. But of "deeds" and habits of the writer dandy, Gide also perceives with clarity a "charm" to which eventually can not say no. Just two years and in '93, with friend Paul Laurens, he left for North Africa and Italy in search of sexual adventure (narrated then it Immorality ). It is the first in a series of journeys applicants undertaken with his wife Madeleine. In followed in many rebuked him for being one of the "creators" of that 'habit "now known as" sex tourism ". Some like Paul Claudel and Francois Mauriac Nobel future after "convicted" is "simply" to pray for healing .
Even the critics, meanwhile, seems to have targeted despite some opinions on his work to be flattering (the narrow gate , 1909), Gide is not feel understood and can not stand the habit of critics to interpret too autobiographical characters in his books. The decades of the century, however, are the best, those in which Gide manages to give the best of himself. Birth of the prestigious journal Nouvelle Revue Francaise , public Underground Vatican, which for a wry touch, or do not like the Catholics or to atei e inizia a scrivere Corydon un saggio che affronta finalmente i pregiudizi sull’omosessualità ispirato ai dialoghi di Socrate. Il lavoro (una difesa a tratti molto nobile dell’omosessualità), forse oggi non fra i più noti, esce in modo completo e non anonimo solo nel 1924. Fra i suoi libri migliori: I falsari , l’opera che Gide considera il suo unico vero romanzo, e i fondamentali Se il seme non muore e Diario 1889-1939 (in Italia in tre volumi per Bompiani) .
Per comprendere quello che Gide ha dato alla letteratura occorre From a consideration, namely that his diary is essential to know the French culture of the time, and then of course also the reason given by the Academy of Sweden for the award of the Nobel: "To humanity el ' importance of his artistic work in which all human problems have been gutted with a deep sense of truth and a great psychological acuity . No need to say more at a distance of sixty years, if not a sincere invitation to open its books.
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